A school social worker has noticed an increase in conflict situations among students at the middle school where he works. The most effective response to this increase would be to....

• A. Initiate a Critical Incident Stress Management (CISM) program
• B. Work with the local police department to increase security at the school
• C. Develop and implement a comprehensive school conflict resolution plan, or reevaluate the existing plan if one already exists
• D. Work with the school's administration to identify ways to remove troublesome students from the school

Answer: (C)

The main idea is to address rising student conflicts with a coordinated, school-wide approach that teaches and reinforces conflict-resolution skills for everyone. Implementing a comprehensive school conflict resolution plan, or reevaluating an existing one, provides the structure, procedures, and supports needed to prevent disputes from escalating. It combines universal prevention (teaching communication, problem-solving, and SEL skills), targeted interventions (mediation, peer mediation, restorative practices for those who struggle), clear expectations and reporting procedures, and ongoing data-driven evaluation to refine practices. This systemic strategy helps change the school climate, reduces incidents over time, and supports all students, rather than just reacting to problems as they arise.

Critical incident stress management is designed for after a traumatic event and doesn’t prevent everyday conflicts. Increasing security is a reactive measure that may heighten fear and does not teach students the skills needed to resolve disagreements. Removing troublesome students is punitive and can exclude or stigmatize students instead of addressing underlying issues and offering supports that promote adjustment and belonging.